NIH thickness was measured as the distance between the strut with a line perpendicular to the neointima and the endoluminal surface of the neointima. The NIH CSA percentage was calculated as the NIH CSA divided by the stent CSA. Stent and luminal cross-sectional areas (CSA) were measured and neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) CSA was calculated by subtracting the luminal CSA from the stent CSA. Cross-sectional OCT images were analyzed at 1 mm intervals.
All OCT images were analyzed at a core laboratory (Cardiovascular Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea) by analysts who were blinded to procedural information. Images were continuously acquired and stored digitally for subsequent analyses. Contrast media were continuously flushed through a guiding catheter at a rate of 4 to 5 mL/s for 3 to 4 seconds.
The OCT catheter was pulled back at 20 mm/s and OCT images were generated at 100 frames/s. OCT was performed using the C7-XR imaging systems (LightLab Imaging, Inc., St. They were fed a regular diet throughout the duration of the study. All animals received 100 mg aspirin and 75 mg clopidogrel daily after stent implantation. After stent implantation, carotid arteries were repaired and the incision site was closed with adequate suture material until the next use of the carotid arteries.
#Cinex hd serial 2.4.1.3 serial number full#
Using fluoroscopic guidance, stent implantation on coronary arteries was performed with a stent-to-artery ratio of 110% to 120% overstretch for full apposition at predetermined sites using conventional techniques. Unfractionated heparin (5,000 to 10,000 IU) was administered to maintain activated clotting times of 250 to 300 seconds. Vital signs were continuously monitored using surface electrocardiography and were recorded at approximately 20 min intervals. Under sterile conditions, arteriotomy of the carotid artery was performed and a 6-Fr vascular access sheath was introduced into the carotid artery. After adequate anesthesia, animals were intubated and inhaled isoflurane (1-2%) delivered through a precision vaporizer and a circle absorption breathing system with periodic arterial blood gas monitoring. Anesthesia was performed via intramuscular injection of ketamine (20 mg/kg) and xylazine (2 mg/kg). This study was approved by the local institutional animal care and use committee (Medi Kinetics, MK-IACUC: 111027-0001 and Cardiovascular Production Evaluation Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine).Īll animals were premedicated at least 12 hours before the procedure with 100 mg aspirin and 300 mg clopidogrel. All animals received humane care in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and “The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” formulated by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Research. Follow-up angiography with OCT was serially performed 1, 3, and 6 months after stent implantation. At the time of stent deployment, each stent was systematically randomized to each coronary artery in each animal. Each stent was deployed in the left anterior descending artery or right coronary artery. Two stent types were implanted: EES (Xience Prime, 3.0 × 12 mm, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) as a target stent and BMS (Blazer, 3.0 × 13 mm, OrbusNeich, Hong Kong) as a control stent. EES had a biphasic pattern of neointimal amounts that correlated with changes in neointimal morphology.Ī total of 15 swine (weighing 25 to 30 kg) were studied for 6 months to evaluate neointimal tissue serially following EES implantation. Between 1 and 3 months, the layered pattern of neointimal tissue increased from 26.7% to 66.7% but decreased to 20.0% between 3 and 6 months. In contrast, in EES-implanted lesions, neointimal volume significantly increased from 4.8 mm 3 to 9.8 mm 3 between 1 and 3 months but significantly decreased to 8.6 mm 3 between 3 and 6 months ( P < 0.001).
At the time points of 1, 3, and 6 months, neointimal tissue appearance was mainly a homogeneous pattern (80.0%, 93.3%, and 100%, resp.), while the other pattern was layered. In BMS-implanted lesions, neointimal volume decreased from 7.3 mm 3 to 6.9 mm 3 and 6.4 mm 3 at 1, 3, and 6 months follow-up without statistical significance ( P = 0.369). Serial (1, 3, and 6 month follow-up after stent implantation) OCT examinations were performed in 15 swine with 15 BMS- and 15 EES-treated lesions in porcine coronary arteries. The serial changes in neointimal tissues were compared between everolimus-eluting stent (EES) and bare-metal stent (BMS) in the porcine coronary artery using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
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